It is demonstrated that high blood pressure is the result of arteries sclerosis and the cause of severe heart disease.People with increased indicators are diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of the vessels that have lost elasticity, there is an increase in pressure in others.This slows blood circulation and increases the load in the heart.
Standard and pathology of blood pressure
The optimal blood pressure is the value of the 120/80 mm tonometer.Rt. Art.The pressure is considered increased when arterial indicators stable stable the comfortable norm for humans by 10%.
Temporary fluctuation of blood pressure, differences during the day is a common occurrence.
| Hypertension stage | Systolic indicator (garden), mm.Rt. Art. | Diastolic indicator (dad), mm.Rt. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Rule | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 stage (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 stages (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 stages | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| ISAG (isolated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
The initial symptoms of the increase in pressure: weakness, light dizziness, bad dream, flies before the eyes are taken by a person by signs of fatigue, which determines the progression of hypertension without medical attention.
If you leave the situation without attention, you cannot avoid the serious consequences of high pressure, a person can expect:
- heart attack;
- stroke;
- acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolism;
- Aorta stratification or gap.
In the final stages of these diseases, a fatal result is possible.A particularly serious form of the disease is malignant hypertension.It is diagnosed in one of the two hundred patients, more often, men.The disease does not stop at any medication, medicines even worsen the patient's condition.A person "burns" for six months due to complications.
Hypertension risk factors
High blood pressure is closely related to risk factors that can be individual or external (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | Factors that cause external |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: If both parents suffer from hypertension, the disease develops in children in more than 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children, whose parents had normal blood pressure, no more than 20%) | Voorcery: an atherogenic profile diet with a large amount of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, sandwiches), daily use of a large amount of salt (more than 5 g) |
| Age: The increase in pressure is developed by 15%, from 50 to 60 years, at 30%, from 60 to 70, 40%for 70 years | It is demonstrated that smoking is that it is of the nicotine that increases blood pressure: a stroke and a heart attack in smokers occurs 2-3 times more often than that of non-smoking |
| Paul: The prevalence of arterial hypertension less than 40 years in men is much greater than in women, then these differences soften | Excessive coffee consumption every day is harmful to the tone of blood vessels, causing its spasm and automatically increasing the pressure |
| Obesity: The dependence between body mass and blood pressure level is a straight line.In addition, 10 kg increases the systolic indicator in 2-3 units and diastolic by 1-3. In fat people, hypertension occurs 2-6 times more often (in 78% of men and 64% of women, high blood pressure is due to excess body weight), weight loss leads to a decrease in pressure |
Flexible causes of increased pressure are stress, excess work, repeated negative emotions, psycho -emotional overloads, excess mental work |
| Personal characteristics: The easily excitable nervous system, environments, suspicion, dissatisfaction achieved, an indomitable desire for competition are the reasons why the pressure of people too emotional increases. | A sedentary lifestyle: in hypodinamic people, the risk of arterial hypertension is 25% higher than in physically active or trained (physical activity during work activity increases blood pressure and is reduced during rest) |
| Race: African Americans, mainly women, fall into the risk group | Alcoholism: Destroy the liver, violates metabolic processes, negatively affects the tone of blood vessels (toxins) |
People prone to hypertension should remind you of which the pressure still increases, that is: irregular workday, night shifts, professional detrimental, frequent climate change, time areas.
The main reasons to increase blood pressure
Together with the provocative moments or the background on which hypertension occurs, high pressure causes specific causes that can be physiological or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Cloud-cerebro lesion |
| Take drugs: NSAIDs, diuretics, narcotic substances, hormonal contraceptives | Interruption of the function of the kidneys, the heart, the brain, the liver |
| Hormonal background fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, chronic infection spotlights |
| Anatomical characteristics of the structure of the human body | VSD |
| Insomnia of any genesis | Dyslipidemia and increased uric acid level content |
| Have elevators | Diabetes |
| Put -sensibility | Tumors |
| For a long time not treated by migraine | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Hot sauna or bathroom | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
With greater pressure, a person begins to feel discomfort, whose first signs become:
- Headaches, a feeling of tightening your temples with a hoop;
- the feeling that the head is "obsolete";
- dizziness;
- noise in the ears, blinking the flies in front of the eyes;
- unpleasant sensations behind the sternum;
- weakness;
- Sleep disorders.
These initial symptoms of hypertension.A person takes an increase in blood pressure due to excess work, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually goes to limit or labile hypertension, which is characterized by pressure fluctuations, such as a pendulum.Occurs at different ages and can be:
- youth;
- neurotic;
- menopause;
- alcohol;
- sports;
- professional.
Its main characteristics are considered:
- Episodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the United States and the European Union, from 130/85 to 140/90) and never beyond these edges;
- Independent standardization of pressure without additional intervention;
- Lack of changes in the organs Objective: heart, kidneys, brain, bloody vessels;
- Reliable symptomatic (secondary) hypertension.
The constantly high blood pressure without attention will become the main cause of hypertension.It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- violation of visual acuity;
- interruptions in heart work with acute pain behind the sternum;
- the cheeks legs, the sensation of heat throughout the body;
- cold limbs with partial loss of sensitivity, numbness;
- Narbating;
- fatigue, nervousness without cause;
- tachycardia;
- Pulsation in the temples;
- sweating or internal conversion;
- pastiness;
- anxiety;
- a feeling of complete vacuum, helplessness;
- Premuroks, fainting;
- muscle cramps;
- Tremor of the arms and legs.
The increase in pressure on pregnant women has their own special manifestations, that is:
- acute deterioration in the well;
- pain on the back of the head;
- Veil in front of the eyes;
- noise in the ears;
- vomit;
- high temperature;
- Red face;
- nasal bleeding;
- Heaviness on the legs.
Any of these signs or symptoms suggests tonometry and timely search for a doctor.
What to do if the pressure has increased?
The high pressure left without attention can cause fatal and non -fatal complications: cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic kidney diseases.
Consider what should be done at home if hell has increased:
- to help a person find a convenient break for relaxation (preferably halfway, in high pillows);
- Be sure of a complete peace (without sound, without irritating light, without movements);
- Open Windows - Oxygen Flow;
- Prepare a hot feet bath and, by stabilizing the blood pressure number, lower the legs for 10 minutes, which will provide blood output from the head, improve well;
- With an increase in pressure, you can place a mustard on the back of the head or caviar for 5-15 minutes, make a compress of the apple cider vinegar at the feet;
- Relax in a chair or in a chair, straighten your back, inhale deeply with your nose, exhale with your mouth (5 times);
- It can tear high pressure on the back: to exhalation, it is necessary to stop breathing for 2 seconds, which in 5 minutes normalizes the emotional background, reduces blood pressure to 30 units, look at the video below;
- The acupuncture point massage under the lobe or half a centimeter towards the nose, as well as the points between the eyebrows, is possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, wait only for yourself, taking any drug is unacceptable.
Medications
A doctor prescribes chronic hypertension, when the pressure of 160/90 and higher, strictly individual, which correlates with the cause of hypertension and nature of their course.
| Drug groups | THE MECHANISM OF ACTION |
|---|---|
| AS BLOCATORS | Inhibit vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Excess fluids eliminates, balancing the total volume of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Balance of calcium ions not associated with protein that are necessary for normal myocardial functioning |
| Beta blockers | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure (it cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| ALFA BLOCATORS | Early reduces pressure |
| Vasodilators | Expand the vessels, eliminating spasm |
| Angiotensin-2 antagonists | Block the kidney angiotensin, reducing vessels |
Possible complications
When the pressure increases, this implies hazardous disorders of the body:
- arrhythmias of a different genesis;
- tachycardia;
- hypoxia, tissue and organ ischemia;
- arteries stenosis, capillaries;
- Violation of aldosterone synthesis with the development of edema, an increase in the total volume of circulating blood;
- Reduction of renal function;
- development of atherosclerosis;
Merbs in the metabolism system ultimately lead to acute conditions incompatible with life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
The doctor will help elaborate an individual program for high pressure prevention, the main events are the following:
- Weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure in a couple of units);
- balanced diet;
- rejection of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- correct alternation of rest and work;
- good dream;
- Positive mood every day.
The elders recommended the treatment of the sanatorium resort.